In-Text Citations are those that are found in the body of a paper, either at the end of a sentence or within the body of a sentence. An In-Text Citation points the reader to your Reference List.
The Reference List allows readers to identify and locate the cited works.
There are are two types of In-Text Citations:
Parenthetical Citations = The author name and publication date, etc. appear in parentheses at the end of the sentence.
Narrative Citations = These have the author name incorporated into the text as part of the sentence and the year follows in parentheses.
| AI |
In-Text Parenthetical: Gen Z, "are digital natives who have grown up with technology" (GoogleAI Mode, 2025).
In-Text Narrative: When asked, GoogleAI Mode (2025), said Gen Z, "are digital natives who have grown up with technology.
Reference List: GoogleAI Mode. (2025). GoogleAI Mode (July15 version) [Large language model]. https://labs.google.com/search/experiment/22
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| Website |
In-Text Parenthetical: According to a recent article from Yahoo Finance, "markets still expect the central bank to hold rates steady at its policy meeting" (Canal, 2025, para 8).
In-Text Narrative: According to Canal (2025), "markets still expect the central bank to hold rates steady at its policy meeting" (para 8).
Reference List: Canal, A (2025, July 15).Inflation accelerates in June as investors eye tariff-related price increases. Yahoo Finance. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/inflation-accelerates-in-june-as-investors-eye-tariff-related-price-increases-123643223.html
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| Book |
In-Text Parenthetical: Gen Z is surprisingly different from their older millennial peers in risk taking behavior. For example, "they tend to exhibit more conservative behaviors," (Fromm & Reed, 2018, p. 6).
In-Text Narrative: Gen Z is surprisingly different from their older millennial peers in risk taking behavior for example, Fromm & Read (2018) state that, "they tend to exhibit more conservative behaviors," ( p. 6).
Reference List: Fromm, J., & Read, A. (2018) Marketing to Gen Z: The rules for reaching this vast and very different generation of influencers. Amacom.
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| Journal Article |
In-Text Parenthetical: In regards to Warren Buffet, research showed a "paradox," in terms of market behavior (Zhang, 2002, p. 1).
In-Text Narrative: In regards to Warren Buffet, Zhang's (2022) research showed a "paradox" (p.1) in terms of market behavior.
Reference List: Zhang, M. (2022). Warren Buffet Anomaly. Finance Research Letters, 46(B) 1-8.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102473.
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| Multiple Authors/Sources |
In-Text Parenthetical: Gen Z, "are digital natives who have grown up with technology," however, they are surprisingly different from their older millennial peers in risk taking behavior as, "they tend to exhibit more conservative behaviors" (GoogleAI Mode, 2025; Fromm & Read, 2018 p. 6).
In-Text Narrative: Gen Z, "are digital natives who have grown up with technology" (GoogleAI Mode, 2025); they are surprisingly different from their older millennial peers in risk taking behavior for example, Fromm & Read (2018) state that, "they tend to exhibit more conservative behaviors," (p. 6).
Reference List:
Fromm, J., & Read, A. (2018) Marketing to Gen Z: The rules for reaching this vast and very different generation of influencers. Amacom.
GoogleAI Mode. (2025). GoogleAI Mode (July15 version) [Large language model]. https://labs.google.com/search/experiment/22
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